The onset of the second phase occurs several days after recovery, and consists of symptoms of meningitis or encephalitis.

The entire illness usually lasts 1 to 3 weeks, nonetheless, temporary or permanent neurological damage is possible in all central nervous system infections, especially in cases of meningoencephalitis.

Chronic infections have not been reported in humans and deaths rarely occur.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus (LCMV), was isolated in 1933 by Charles Armstrong during a study of an epidemic in St. Louis. Although not the cause of the outbreak, LCMV was found to be a cause of nonbacterial or aseptic meningitis.

Cases of lymphocytic choriomeningitis have been reported in North and South America, Europe, Australia, and Japan, particularly during the 1900s.

LCMV occurs now worldwide and its natural host, the rodent, has become established on all continents, except Antarctica.

Studies have indicated that human infection of the virus occurs primarily during the fall and winter months, presumably due to the movement of mice indoors.

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